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以“退耕还林”为主体的黄土丘陵区生态环境建设在过去10年来取得了显著成效。为揭示“退耕还林”政策实施以来黄土丘陵区的降水与地表水和地下水的关系,本文以延安康沟流域为例,根据1997-2006年延安站的逐日气象数据和康沟流域地表径流、泉水、井水水位实测水文数据,以及康沟流域地形地貌和土地利用等资料,利用相关分析法分析了康沟流域的降水、地表径流及地下水的时空变化特征,探讨了降水与地表水、地下水之间的关系,揭示了地表水和地下水对降水补给响应时间的差异性。分析结果表明:地表径流量与降水量有极好的季节响应关系,地表径流呈现为峰、谷交替曲线形态,降水少的年份出现单峰值,降水多的年份具有双峰值。降水量的多少和季节分配直接影响着井水、泉水的变化,同样降水条件下,井水的变化较泉水更敏感,泉水响应降水的时间大约滞后22~30天,井水为7~10天。
The construction of ecological environment in the loess hilly region with “returning farmland to forests” as the main body has achieved remarkable results in the past 10 years. In order to reveal the relationship between precipitation and surface water and groundwater in Loess Hilly Region since the implementation of the policy of “Conversion of Farmland to Forestland”, this paper takes the Yancao Catchment in Yan’an as an example. According to the daily meteorological data of Yan’an Station in 1997-2006 and the ground surface Runoff, spring water, measured hydrological data of well water level and the topography and land use of the Kanggou watershed, the correlation analysis was used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of precipitation, surface runoff and groundwater in the Kangou Catchment. The effects of precipitation and surface water , The relationship between groundwater, reveals the surface water and groundwater recharge on precipitation response time differences. The results show that there is an excellent seasonal response between surface runoff and precipitation, and the surface runoff presents as a curve with alternating peaks and valleys. Single peak appears in the years with few precipitation and double peaks in the years with more precipitation. The amount of precipitation and the seasonal distribution directly affect the well water and spring water changes. Under the same rainfall conditions, well water changes more sensitive than spring water, spring time lags about 22-30 days and well water is 7-10 days .