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旧中国近代经济偏集于东部沿海地带,全国解放后,直到1978年整整30年中,除了短短的3年恢复时期外,我国宏观生产力布局重点西移,生产建设重心一直放在内地,“三五”、“四五”时期甚至放在远离东部沿海的西部地区,进行了大三线建设,对这一时期的生产力布局作何评价?从到目前为止的报刊杂志上刊载的文章来看,是褒少贬多,大多数学者认为失误大于成绩,这或许不无根据,但仅仅停留在这样大概、抽象的水平,是不够的,无助于目前和今后我国经济建设和发展,需要作客观的、深层次的、多角度的研究。一、布局重点西移的必然性和合理性改革开放前30年内地的重点建设至少考虑到下述几方面也是合理的,具有必然性。 1.自从19世纪40年代近代工业发端于沿海以来,在这100多年中,中国近代经济中心一直停留在东部沿海地带,到解放前夕,全国工业的70％以上分布在这一地区,全国铁路里程的90％以上分布在东北地区和关内京广铁路线以东的沿海省份,而且经
In the past 30 years since 1978, except for a short period of three years, the layout of macroeconometrics in our country shifted westward and the focus of production and construction has been on the Mainland. Third Five-Year Plan “and” Fourth Five-Year Plan Period "and even laid aside the western region away from the eastern coast and proceeded with the construction of the major third-line and what is the evaluation of the distribution of productive forces in this period? From the articles published in the newspapers and magazines so far, Most scholars think the mistake is greater than the result, which may not be unfounded. However, merely staying at such an approximate level of abstraction is not enough and will not help China’s current and future economic construction and development, and will need to be objective Deep, multi-angle research. I. The Inevitability and Rationality of the Key Westward Shift in the Layout Prior to the reform and opening up, the key construction of the Mainland in the past 30 years was reasonable and inevitable considering at least the following aspects. 1. Since the modern industry started in the 1840s, China’s modern economic center has been staying in the eastern coastal areas for more than 100 years. Before the eve of the liberation, more than 70% of the national industry was distributed in this area. The national railway mileage 90% of the distribution in the northeastern region and the Guan Jing-Guang Railroad east of the coastal provinces, and by