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对于执行长期飞行任务的航天器而言,流星体和空间碎片对航天器表面的撞击通常都是倾斜的超高速撞击过程。本文主要介绍了超高速斜撞击过程的基本特征及其研究方法。大量的实验研究表明,超高速斜撞击能够产生大量的高速反跳碎片粒子,它们对航天器外部子系统造成的损伤比初始撞击对航天器所造成的损伤严重得多,而且这些反跳碎片粒子将残留在轨道环境中并对其他航天器构成威胁。本文还介绍了一种适用于载人航天器的外部防护系统及其设计方法。
For spacecraft performing long-term missions, the impact of meteoroids and space debris on the surface of the spacecraft is usually a diagonal hypervelocity impact. This paper mainly introduces the basic characteristics of superhigh speed oblique impact process and its research methods. A large number of experimental studies have shown that high-speed oblique impact can produce a large number of high-speed bounce debris particles, their damage to the outer subsystem of the spacecraft is much more serious than the damage caused by the initial impact on the spacecraft, and these bounce debris particles Will remain in orbit and pose a threat to other spacecraft. This article also introduces an external protection system suitable for manned spacecraft and its design method.