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以银染法 AFLP 分子标记技术用 5 对引物组合对来自福建武夷山市、安溪县、台湾省和广东潮安县 45份乌龙茶品种资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,5 对引物扩增出 208 条多态性条带,多态性为 92.03%;最大遗传距离为 0.481,最小遗传距离为 0.124,种质资源间遗传多样性估值较高,达 0.311。按照地理分布分组分析表明,种群内遗传多样性以武夷山最高,其次为安溪乌龙茶种质资源,以台湾的乌龙茶种质资源遗传多样性最小;种群间遗传相似性,以武夷山与安溪种群间最高,达 0.9505,以台湾和潮安县类型间的相似性最低,相似性系数为 0.77。构建的种间和种群间进化树表明,可将 45 份乌龙茶品种划分为二大类型,福建类型和广东潮安类型。结合种群间相似系数,提出乌龙茶种质资源与其加工工艺的演化路径是一致的,也是由武夷山向安溪再向台湾传播。
The genetic diversity of 45 Oolong tea germplasms from Wuyi Mountain, Anxi County, Taiwan Province and Chaoan County of Guangdong Province were analyzed by AFLP molecular marker with 5 pairs of primer combinations. The results showed that 208 polymorphic bands were amplified by 5 pairs of primers and the polymorphism was 92.03%. The maximum genetic distance was 0.481 and the minimum genetic distance was 0.124. The genetic diversity among germplasm resources was estimated to be as high as 0.311 . According to geographical distribution group analysis, genetic diversity within populations was highest in Wuyishan, followed by Anxi Oolong tea germplasm resources, with the least genetic diversity of Oolong tea germplasm resources in Taiwan; Genetic similarity among populations, the highest among Wuyishan and Anxi populations, Reaching 0.9505, with the lowest similarity between Taiwan and Chao’an counties with a similarity coefficient of 0.77. The constructed inter-species and inter-population evolutionary trees indicated that 45 Oolong tea varieties could be divided into two types, Fujian type and Guangdong Chaoan type. According to the similarity coefficient between populations, it is proposed that the germplasm resources of Oolong tea are consistent with the evolutionary path of its processing technology, and then spread from Wuyi Mountain to Anxi and then to Taiwan.