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我国是人参的生产和销售大国,近年来农药残留问题严重影响我国人参出口,研究生物菌剂代替化学菌剂防治人参病害已成为人参安全生产的主要环节。试验研究了哈茨木霉菌Tri41(Trichoderma harzianum Tri41)对人参锈腐菌(Cylindrocarpon destructans)的抑制作用。结果表明:哈茨木霉菌Tri41对锈腐菌的抑制作用受温度影响,25℃条件下,菌株Tri41对人参锈腐菌的抑制率高达80.1%,20℃条件下抑制率降低9.7%;菌株Tri41的挥发性代谢物和难挥发代谢物对人参锈腐菌的抑制率分别为57.3%和48.0%;菌株Tri41发酵液对锈腐菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有一定的抑制作用。初步明确了哈茨木霉菌Tri41对人参锈腐菌的拮抗机理以竞争和抗生作用为主。
China is a big country for the production and sales of ginseng. In recent years, pesticide residue problem has seriously affected the export of ginseng in China. The research of biological agents to replace ginseng and insecticide has become the main link of ginseng’s safe production. The inhibitory effect of Trichoderma harzianum Tri41 on Cylindrocarpon destructans was studied. The results showed that the inhibition of Trichoderma harzianum Tri41 to rust-rot fungi was affected by temperature. Under the condition of 25 ℃, the inhibition rate of strain Tri41 to P. rust was as high as 80.1%, and the inhibition rate was reduced 9.7% at 20 ℃. The inhibitory rates of volatile metabolites and labile metabolites on the growth of ginseng rust-rot fungi were 57.3% and 48.0%, respectively. The strain Tri41 fermentation broth inhibited the growth of mycorrhizal fungi and the spore germination. It is clear that the antagonistic mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum Tri41 on the rust-causing fungi is mainly competition and antibacterial activity.