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晚清,基于国民的启蒙宣传,戏曲被从文坛边缘询唤到舞台中心,展开一系列现代化改革。异于西方现代艺术自主自律的发展,戏曲现代性转型开始即与宣传工具职能混合。其内容与形式的改革,始终以某种意识宣传为是。自晚清启蒙经上世纪二三十年代戏曲艺术自主探索、抗战革命宣传、新中国成立后“新民”塑造,戏曲改革呈现前所未有的多元景观。样板戏,实乃晚清以来“戏改”中的一链。本文采用长时段视角,立足戏曲本体,通过梳理20世纪中国文化语境与戏曲改革内在逻辑的发展演变,呈现样板戏生成的历史因缘。
In the late Qing Dynasty, based on the enlightenment and propaganda of the people, the opera was summoned to the stage center from the edge of the literary world and a series of modernization reforms were carried out. Different from the development of the autonomy and self-discipline of Western modern art, the modernity of opera has been mixed with the function of propaganda tools at the beginning of its transformation. Its content and form of reform, has always been a sense of publicity is. Enlightenment from Late Qing Dynasty In the 1920s and 1930s, autonomous art and drama exploration, anti-Japanese revolutionary propaganda, the founding of new China “Xinmin ” shape, opera reform presents an unprecedented diversity landscape. Model drama, it is the late Qing Dynasty “play change ” in a chain. This article takes a long time perspective and bases itself on the opera genre. By combing the development and evolution of the internal logic of the Chinese cultural context and drama reform in the 20th century, this article presents the historical causes of the model opera.