本文结合笔者长期在新中国工业经济史研究中所做的探索,以《新中国工业经济史(1949.10—2015)》的撰写为例,就中国经济史研究怎样落实习近平总书记提出的“我国哲学社会科学坚持以马克思主义为指导”问题谈了几点体会。即必须以中国化马克思主义为指导思想;其任务是要通过史实的研究和叙述,揭示生产关系(包括基本经济制度和作为其实现形式或经济运行机制的经济体制)和生产力变化发展的历史过程及其规律;必须遵循反映辩证唯物论要求的实事求是基本原则;必须坚持反映历史唯物论要求的生产力标准;必须从质和量两方面研究和叙述经济变革和发展的历史过程;必须体现马克思主义固有的批判的和革命的精神;必须进行创新。 Based on the author’s exploration in the study of the history of new industrial economy in China for a long time, taking the writing of “History of Industrial Economy in New China (1949.10-2015)” as an example, this essay analyzes how China’s economic history studies put into practice the principle proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping Philosophy and Social Sciences Adhere to the guidance of Marxism "a few experiences. That is, we must take China-based Marxism as the guiding ideology. Its task is to reveal the historical process of the development of changes in the productive forces through the study and narration of historical facts (including the basic economic system and the economic system as its realization or economic operation) Must adhere to the basic principle of seeking truth from facts that reflect the requirements of dialectical materialism; it must adhere to the productivity standards that reflect the requirements of historical materialism; must study and describe the historical process of economic change and development both qualitatively and quantitatively; and must embody the inherent nature of Marxism The critical and revolutionary spirit must be innovated.