We propose a new method for chaos control and anti-control, which is referred to as the fuzzy-neural network inverse system method (FNNIS). The Sugeno-type fuzzy-neural network (FNN) is employed to lea the kinetics of the system to be controlled. Then the FNN model is used with the inverse system method to make the system to be controlled to track the reference input. If the system to be controlled is chaotic and the reference input is non-chaotic, chaos control can be implemented via the FNNIS method. If the system to be controlled is nonchaotic and the reference input is chaotic, chaos anti-control can be implemented. Theorems about the effect of the FNN model error upon control are established. The simulation results show that this method is feasible and effective for chaos control and anti-control.