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三峡水库常年回水区淤积物多为中值粒径在0.01 mm左右的细颗粒泥沙,按传统理论对此类细沙模型试验进行设计存在困难。提出了一种基于原型沙的库区细颗粒泥沙模型试验方法,流速比尺的确定考虑水深影响,泥沙冲淤时间比尺与水流运动时间比尺一致,含沙量比尺取决于垂直比尺和干容重比尺。黄花城河段2003-2011年以及典型流量水位组合下的泥沙模型试验结果表明,淤积厚度和平面分布与原型符合较好,初步说明该方法适用于三峡库区细颗粒泥沙运动的模拟。
The sediments in the perennial backwater area of the Three Gorges Reservoir are mostly fine-grained sediments with a median diameter of about 0.01 mm. According to the traditional theory, it is difficult to design such fine sand model tests. A model test method of fine sediment in reservoir area based on prototype sand is proposed. The determination of flow velocity scale takes the effect of water depth into consideration. The sediment scouring and silting time scale is consistent with the time scale of water flow movement. The sediment concentration scale depends on the vertical Scale and dry weight weight scale. The sediment model test results of Huanghuacheng reach from 2003 to 2011 and the typical flow and water level show that the sedimentation thickness and plane distribution accord well with the prototype, which shows that this method is suitable for the simulation of fine sediment movement in the Three Gorges Reservoir.