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目的描述宁波市中心城区道路交通伤害(road traffic injury,RTI)的流行特征,为预防和控制伤害的发生提供依据。方法收集宁波市某急救中心2010-2014年所有RTI急救数据描述宁波市中心城区RTI人群、时间和伤害部位分布情况及流行病学特征。结果 2010-2014年,宁波市某急救中心共救治RTI 15 419人,平均每2.8h发生伤害1人。男女性别比为1.35∶1,平均年龄41.76岁,89.08%伤亡病例为15~64岁人群,65岁以上人群伤亡比例呈逐年缓慢增加趋势。RTI急救人数2012年前后呈先上升后下降趋势,不同年份RTI构成差异有统计学意义(χ2=130.67,P=0.000)。7月份RTI发生人数最多(9.70%)。一周内工作日与休息日两者RTI伤亡构成比为1.09∶1,周一RTI发生人数最多(14.8%)。1天中RTI人数随时间变化呈“M”型,16~17时最高。多部位损伤为RTI发生最常见部位(29.14%),急救时已死亡中49.14%为头部损伤。结论宁波市中心城区RTI发生有其自身的流行病学特征,需根据高发时段合理配置院前急救资源,加强高危人群交通安全教育,建议开展RTI预防、救治和管理的综合干预措施研究。
Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injury (RTI) in the downtown area of Ningbo, and provide the basis for the prevention and control of injuries. METHODS: All RTI emergency data collected from a certain emergency center in Ningbo in 2010-2014 were collected to describe the distribution, epidemiological characteristics of RTI population, time and injury in downtown Ningbo. Results From 2010 to 2014, a total of 419 RTI 1514 people were treated in an ambulance center in Ningbo City, with an average of 1 injured every 2.8 hours. The male to female ratio was 1.35:1, with an average age of 41.76 years. 89.08% of the cases were casualties aged 15-64 years. The proportion of casualties aged over 65 showed a slowly increasing trend year by year. The number of RTI ambulances increased first and then decreased in 2012, and there was a significant difference in RTI composition between different years (χ2 = 130.67, P = 0.000). RTI occurred in July the largest number (9.70%). The constituent ratio of RTI to casualty was 1.09: 1 on weekdays and off days, with the highest number of RTIs on Monday (14.8%). The number of RTIs in one day showed “M ” type with time, the highest at 16-17. Multi-site injury was the most common site for RTI (29.14%), 49.14% of first-aid deaths were head injuries. Conclusion RTI has its own epidemiological characteristics in downtown Ningbo. It is necessary to rationally allocate pre-hospital emergency resources and improve traffic safety education in high-risk areas. It is proposed to conduct a comprehensive intervention study on RTI prevention, treatment and management.