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由于对法律中“人”的定位和“国家”的定位理解不同,理论上形成了两种人权偏好,分别强调人权的消极自由面向与积极自由面向。但这两种偏好在冲突之时也绝非不可协调,这是因为它们都认同对人权的核心价值——人性尊严——的保障,实质自由则为这种协调提供了理论工具。实质自由理论是衔接两种人权偏好的桥梁,它为将来形成一种世界范围内更具说服力和可接受性的“文明相容人权观”提供了可能。
Due to the different understandings of the position of “person ” and the position of “country ” in the law, two kinds of human rights preferences have been theoretically formed, emphasizing the negative freedom and the positive freedom of human rights respectively. However, the two preferences are not incompatible with each other in times of conflict because both of them recognize the guarantee of the core value of human rights - human dignity - and substantive freedom provides the theoretical tool for such coordination. The theory of substantive freedom is a bridge connecting two kinds of human rights preferences, which provides the possibility of forming a more convincing and acceptable “human rights perspective of civilization” in the world in the future.