众所周知,国家的出现是世界历史上最重要的进步之一。在绝大部分有关中世纪晚期英格兰国家形成的讨论中,“战争国家”和“法律国家”都是其结构基础,但这两者并非彼此对立竞争的关系。值得注意的还有几点:第一,在英国模式的制度组成中,议会的地位无可替代。第二,这段时期英国的政治文化或许比结构特征更为重要。第三,中世纪晚期语言和宗教领域发生的重要变革,使英国人意识到自身的民族性和他们所处的政治体系。第四,国家的概念逐渐成为英格兰政治心态中一个永久性的构成元素。 It is well known that the emergence of a nation is one of the most significant advances in world history. In most discussions about the formation of England in the late Middle Ages, both “war states” and “law states” are structural bases, but the two are not opposed to each other. There are several other notable points: First, in the constitution of the British model, the status of parliament is irreplaceable. Second, British political culture may be more important than structural features during this period. Third, the important changes that took place in the late Middle Ages in languages ​​and religions led the British to realize their nationality and the political system in which they lived. Fourth, the notion of the state has gradually become a permanent constituent element of England’s political mindset.