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目的了解孕产妇乙肝病毒(HBV)感染状况,提高HBV母婴传播阻断率。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对固原市直医疗保健机构建卡及分娩孕产妇检测血清HBsAg,阳性者进一步检测其他HBV标志物,对相关数据进行分析。结果10392例孕产妇HBsAg阳性率8.53%,城市孕产妇HBsAg阳性率低于农村孕产妇(χ2=48.21,P<0.005),接种乙肝疫苗孕产妇HBsAg阳性率低于未接种孕产妇(χ2=83.25,P<0.005),年龄、民族之间差异无统计学意义;HBsAg阳性孕产妇以小三阳、大三阳、HBsAg阳性伴抗-HBc阳性为主要感染模式。结论接种乙肝疫苗能降低孕产妇HBsAg阳性率;孕妇产前检测HBsAg,能有针对性地指导住院分娩、孕产妇健康行为和新生儿乙肝预防策略。
Objective To understand the status of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and improve the blocking rate of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum HBsAg in positive medical institutions of Guyuan city and pregnant women who gave birth, and other HBV markers were further tested by positive ELISA. The related data were analyzed. Results The positive rate of HBsAg in 10392 pregnant women was 8.53%. The positive rate of HBsAg in urban pregnant women was lower than that of rural pregnant women (χ2 = 48.21, P <0.005). The positive rate of HBsAg in pregnant women vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine was lower than that of unvaccinated pregnant women , P <0.005). There was no significant difference in age and ethnicity between the two groups. HBsAg-positive pregnant women were mainly positive for XiaoSangYang, DaSanYang and HBsAg positive with anti-HBc. Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination can reduce the positive rate of HBsAg in pregnant women; prenatal detection of HBsAg in pregnant women can be targeted to guide hospital delivery, maternal health behavior and neonatal hepatitis B prevention strategies.