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左心耳(LAA)为延续于左心房的一盲端结构,具有特殊的胚胎起源、解剖结构和生理功能。在心血管疾病中,LAA是血栓形成的主要部位,增大脑卒中风险;而近来研究发现LAA也是不容忽视的房性心律失常的触发点。因此,早期发现LAA结构和功能异常对疾病的治疗和预后具有重要的意义。影像学评估LAA结构功能和血流动力学改变具有明显的优势。目前,经食管超声心动图(TEE)是评估LAA的首选方法,能清晰显示LAA的形态结构和血栓,尤其是三维超声可立体直观地从任意角度和平面观察LAA,较二维超声提供更多的信息。心脏多排螺旋CT(MDCT)和心脏核磁共振(CMR)亦可无创准确地显示LAA的解剖细节,提供较高分辨率的图像,为临床诊断和治疗提供依据。
The left atrial appendage (LAA) is a blind-end structure that extends to the left atrium with specific embryonic origin, anatomy and physiology. In cardiovascular disease, LAA is the main site of thrombosis, increasing the risk of stroke; and recent studies have found that LAA is also a trigger point for atrial arrhythmia can not be ignored. Therefore, early detection of LAA structure and dysfunction of the disease treatment and prognosis of great significance. Imaging assessment of LAA structural function and hemodynamic changes have obvious advantages. Currently, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the preferred method for assessing LAA, which clearly shows the morphological structure and thrombus of LAA. In particular, three-dimensional ultrasound can observe LAA from any angle and plane stereoscopically, providing more than two-dimensional ultrasound Information. Multi-slice spiral CT (MDCT) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can also show the anatomic details of LAA noninvasively and provide higher resolution images for clinical diagnosis and treatment.