胎头娩出后，胎儿前肩嵌于耻骨联合后方，用常规助产手法不能娩出双肩，称为肩难产。肩难产是一种罕见产科急症，如处理不当对胎儿危害极大，亦可造成母体损伤。本文对有关肩难产的发生率、危险因素，肩难产的预测以及处理方法加以综述。 After the birth of the fetal head, fetal anterior shoulder embedded in the pubic symphysis rear, with normal midwifery can not give birth to shoulders, called shoulder dystocia. Shoulder dystocia is a rare obstetric emergency, such as improper handling of the great harm to the fetus, can also cause maternal damage. This article reviews the incidence of shoulder dystocia, risk factors, the prediction of shoulder dystocia, and treatment options.