新目标九年级Units 1—2词语辨析

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  1. aloud, loud, loudly
  这三个词都是副词,表示“大声地”,其用法区别是:
  aloud意为“出声地;大声地”,相对于默读而言,指提高声音为了使他人能听见,但声音不一定很大。例如:
  The teacher asked him to read this poem aloud.
  老师叫他大声朗读这首诗。
  He called aloud for help. 他大声求救。
  loud意为“大声地;响亮地”,主要指说话声和哭声等,侧重于给人的感觉,常与speak, talk, sing, read等动词连用,且位于所修饰的动词后面。例如:
  Don’t talk so loud; you’ll wake the whole street.
  别那么大声说话,你快要把左邻右舍都吵醒了。
  We try to sing louder. 我们尽量大点声唱。
  loudly指“大声地;吵闹地”,指声音很大,很喧闹,不悦耳,令人感到讨厌,可放在所修饰的动词前或后。例如:
  I heard someone knocking loudly at the door.
  我听见有人在使劲敲门。
  Albert loudly praised the rich man’s generosity.
  艾伯特大声地恭维那富人的慷慨。
  2. voice, noise, sound
  这三個名词均可译为“声音”,但意思稍有区别:
  voice一般指人的说话声、歌声或笑声,也可用来指鸟鸣声或一些拟人化的声音。例如:
  We could hear voices in the next room.
  我们能听见隔壁房间里的说话声。
  She raised her voice so that she could be heard.
  她提高了声音以便于别人能听清楚。
  noise意为“噪音;喧哗声”,常指令人不愉快的、混杂的或有害的“噪音”。例如:
  I heard the noise of a car starting up. 我听到汽车发动的声音。
  He heard strange noises at night. 他夜里听到了奇怪的声音。
  sound的含义较广,常指任何可以听到的声音。例如:
  Sound travels at 1,100 feet per second.
  声音的传播速度是每秒钟1100英尺。
  He heard the sound of footsteps outside.
  他听到了外面传来的脚步声。
  3. be afraid to, be afraid of, be afraid that
  这三个结构只一词之差,其用法大不相同:
  be afraid to后跟动词原形,常表示“因为害怕而不敢或没有胆量去做某事”。例如:
  I’m not afraid to say what I think. 我不怕说出自己的想法。
  be afraid of后跟名词、代词,意思是“害怕某人(或某物)”,后接动词-ing形式常表示“害怕或担心发生某种(意外)情况”。例如:
  Don’t be afraid of dogs. 不要害怕狗。
  She is afraid of catching a cold. 她怕感冒。
  be afraid后还可跟that引导的从句。例如:
  He is afraid that he will be late. 他恐怕要迟到了。
  I’m afraid that I’ve broken your pen. 真抱歉把你的钢笔弄坏了。
  4. in the end, finally, at last
  三者都有“最后”的意思:
  in the end主要用于口语中,其意同finally,表示“在(经过)一段时间的思考之后”的决定。例如:
  In the end, I decided to stay in Nanjing. 最后我还是决定留在南京。
  finally是副词,意思是“最后;终于”,一般指一系列事物或论点的顺序,没有较强的感情色彩。例如:
  They finally found the lost wallet. 最后他们终于找到了丢失的钱夹。
  at last意思是“最后”,往往表示“经过一番努力或曲折的过程之后”的意思,也有“某人一直期待的事情终于发生了”之意。常常有浓厚的感情色彩。例如:
  He failed in the examination three times, but at last he passed.
  他三次考试没过去,但是最后终于通过了。
  5. alone, lonely
  这两个词语都可以作形容词,意思相近,但二者的感情色彩不同:
  alone侧重指“独自的”,无人陪伴的客观事实,在句中通常作表语,不可作定语,感情色彩较弱。例如:
  Though I was alone, I was not lonely.
  我虽然一个人生活,但我并不感到孤独。
  Albert was alone in the classroom. 教室里只有艾伯特孤零零一个人。
  lonely有“人迹罕见的”意思,主要指“(感觉)寂寞的”,表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞,有时尽管不是alone(独自一人),也会感到lonely(寂寞),感情色彩较强。例如:
  This is a lonely courtyard. 这是一个很少有人来的院子。
  They live a lonely life in a lonely house in the hills.
  他们在山中的一座孤零零的房子里,过着寂寞的生活。
  6. interested, interesting, interest
  这三个词都与“有趣的”相关:
  interested的意思是“感兴趣的”,它常用来指人对某物(或人)感兴趣,在句中作表语,注意,interested不能用来作定语。如不可说This is an interested film.(这是一部有趣的影片。)而要说This is an interesting film. 此外,它还常用于be interested in这个短语中,表示某人对某物感兴趣。例如:
  Some of my classmates are interested in Bill Gates.
  我的一些同学对比尔·盖茨感兴趣。
  interesting的意思是“有趣的”,常用来指某物(或人)有趣,在句中作表语或定语,但它不能与任何介词连用。例如:
  This book is very interesting and I am interested in it.
  这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。
  interest可用作名词,意为“兴趣;趣味”,句子的主语通常是表示“人”或“物”的名词或代词;interest也可用作及物动词,后面接表示人的名词或代词作宾语,意为“引起……兴趣;使……感兴趣”。例如:
  I have no interest in Russian. 我对俄语没有兴趣。
  I’ll try to interest her in the problem.
  我将尽力使她对这个问题感兴趣。
  7. learn与study
  learn表示模仿、实践的学习过程,尤其从不会到会。study侧重研究、钻研。例如:
  He is learning to speak English. 他正在学说英语。
  He is studying the maths problem. 他正在研究那道数学题。
  8. quickly与fast
  quickly adv. “迅速地,快速地”,一般用来形容毫不拖延,动作方面敏捷,智力方面灵敏。而fast作为副词,一般指物体的运动速度快,常用来形容交通工具跑得快,钟走得快,人的动作快等。例如:
  He got up and put on his clothes quickly, then he went out.
  他起床并且快速地穿上衣服,然后他出去了。
  He walks too fast. I can’t keep up with him.
  他走得太快,我跟不上他。
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