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目的了解浙江省宁波市江北区城市居民癌症影响因素分布情况和发生水平,为制定有效的防治策略提供参考依据。方法采取整群随机抽样方法对在宁波市江北区抽取的2个街道全部10583名40~69周岁常住居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果江北区10 583名城市居民吸烟率、经常饮酒率、缺乏体育活动率、超重率和肥胖率分别为24.76%、28.26%、50.20%、35.42%和7.37%,不同性别、年龄组居民差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);HBs Ag检测率为34.39%,检测结果阳性率为17.64%,不同性别、年龄组居民差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、其他慢性呼吸系统疾病、浅表性胃炎、十二指肠溃疡、残胃、肝硬化和脂肪肝患病率分别为7.20%、1.03%、4.40%、14.16%、1.97%、0.20%、0.49%和13.23%,不同性别居民差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);哮喘支气管扩张、矽肺或尘肺、其他上消化系统疾病和慢性丙型肝炎患病率分别为1.92%、0.80%、2.56%和0.23%,不同年龄组居民差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);胃溃疡、慢性乙型肝炎和胆结石病患病率分别为5.65%、4.25%和7.80%,不同性别、年龄组居民差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论江北区城市居民癌症影响因素流行率较高,但居民自我筛查意识薄弱,应积极开展相应行为干预措施,同时积极开展癌症早诊早治工作,提高居民自我参与意识,遏制城市癌症的高发。
Objective To understand the distribution and occurrence of cancer influencing factors among urban residents in Jiangbei District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, and to provide reference for making effective prevention and control strategies. Methods A total of 10583 40-69-year-old residents in 2 streets sampled from Jiangbei district of Ningbo were enrolled in the questionnaire and physical examination. Results The smoking prevalence, regular alcohol drinking rate, lack of physical activity rate, overweight rate and obesity rate in 10 583 urban residents in Jiangbei District were 24.76%, 28.26%, 50.20%, 35.42% and 7.37% respectively. The differences among residents of different sexes and age groups (P <0.001). The detection rate of HBs Ag was 34.39%, the positive rate was 17.64%. There were significant differences among residents of different sexes and age groups (all P <0.01). Chronic bronchitis, The prevalence of emphysema, other chronic respiratory diseases, superficial gastritis, duodenal ulcer, residual stomach, liver cirrhosis and fatty liver were 7.20%, 1.03%, 4.40%, 14.16%, 1.97%, 0.20 %, 0.49% and 13.23%, respectively. There were significant differences in residents with different gender (all P <0.05). The prevalences of bronchiectasis, silicosis or pneumoconiosis, other upper digestive diseases and chronic hepatitis C were 1.92% 0.80%, 2.56% and 0.23% respectively. There were significant differences among residents of different age groups (all P <0.05). The prevalence rates of gastric ulcer, chronic hepatitis B and gallstone disease were 5.65%, 4.25% and 7.80% There were significant differences among residents of different genders and age groups (all P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of cancer influencing factors in urban residents in Jiangbei District is high, but residents ’self-screening awareness is weak. Corresponding behavioral interventions should be actively carried out. At the same time, it is necessary to actively carry out early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, improve residents’ awareness of self-participation and curb the high incidence of urban cancer .