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1 水产动物的非特异性免疫系统 非特异性防御机制是脊椎动物抵抗微生物侵袭的第一道防线,指机体组织和体液中的大量细胞和抗菌的蛋白质、糖蛋白、肽类。鱼类的抗菌蛋白包括粘液胰岛素、金属离子螫合剂（铁传递蛋白、血浆铜蓝蛋白、金属硫蛋白）、蛋白酶抑制因子（α2-巨球蛋白、α1-蛋白酶抑制因子及其他）、溶菌酶（溶解酵素、几丁质酶、非特异性细胞溶素）、补体和外源凝集素。抗菌肽在昆虫、两栖类及哺乳动物的非特异性防御中具有非常重要的作用,在鱼类中的研究发展也极其迅速。干扰素系统是非特异性细胞防御机制的重要组成部分。所谓干扰素（IFN）,是指通过细胞代谢过程（包括RNA和蛋白质的合成）产生的非特异性抗病毒感染的蛋白质（Anonymous,1980）。I型IFN（IFN-α和IFN
Non-specific immune system of aquatic animals The nonspecific defense mechanism is the first line of defense of vertebrates against microbial invasion, which refers to a large number of cells and antibacterial proteins, glycoproteins and peptides in body tissues and body fluids. Fish antimicrobial proteins include mucins, metal ion chelators (transferrin, ceruloplasmin, metallothionein), protease inhibitors (α2-macroglobulin, α1-protease inhibitors and others), lysozyme Lysozyme, chitinase, non-specific cytolysin), complement and lectin. Antimicrobial peptides play a very important role in the nonspecific defense of insects, amphibians and mammals. Research in fish has also progressed rapidly. Interferon system is a non-specific cell defense mechanism is an important part. Interferon (IFN) refers to a nonspecific, antivirally infected protein that is produced by cellular metabolic processes, including RNA and protein synthesis (Anonymous, 1980). Type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN