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分层制造(LM)技术是快速成型(RP)、快速模具(RT)和功能终端产品(RM)的基础。以激光和粉末烧结技术为基础的分层制造技术(例如选择性激光烧结/熔覆(SLS/SLM)等)在分层制造技术中占据了特殊的地位。本文论述了激光成型所适用的材料,探究了这些材料在成型过程中潜在的物理特性和化学机理。研究表明,尽管SLS/SLM可以采用高分子材料、金属、陶瓷和其他复合材料进行分层制造,但是SLS/SLM技术本身存在的问题和局限导致其所适用的材料仍然十分有限。在今后的研究中仍需解决技术与其所用材料之间的矛盾,从而扩大分层制造技术的应用范围。
Stratified Manufacturing (LM) technology is the cornerstone of Rapid Prototyping (RP), Rapid Tooling (RT) and Functional End Products (RM). Layered manufacturing techniques based on laser and powder sintering techniques, such as selective laser sintering / cladding (SLS / SLM), etc., occupy a special place in the layered manufacturing technology. This article discusses the materials that are suitable for laser shaping and explores the potential physical properties and chemical mechanisms of these materials during their formation. The research shows that although the SLS / SLM can be made in different layers using polymer materials, metals, ceramics and other composites, the problems and limitations of the SLS / SLM technology have led to the limited application of SLS / SLM. In the future research, we still need to solve the contradiction between the technology and the materials used, so as to expand the application range of the layered manufacturing technology.