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长期以来,食品、消费品和住房问题一直是摆在苏联领导面前的三大难题。戈尔巴乔夫上台三年来,虽然也力求解决这些问题,但迄今情况没有多大好转。尤其是食品和消费品,供应状况日益恶化,供需矛盾十分尖锐。这不仅引起人们普遍不满,而且严重影响改革的进行。对此,苏联领导极为关注。苏共19次代表会议以来,从战略上作了某些调整,把增加食品和消费品生产作为“头等任务”和“当务之急”,并采取了一些根本性和应急性措施,
For a long time, the problems of food, consumer goods and housing have always been the three major problems facing the leadership of the Soviet Union. Three years after taking office, Gorbachev has tried hard to solve these problems, but so far things have not changed much. In particular, food and consumer products have seen the deteriorating supply situation and the sharp contradiction between supply and demand. This not only aroused widespread public dissatisfaction, but also seriously affected the progress of the reform. In this regard, the Soviet leaders are extremely concerned. Since the 19th rep congress of the Soviet Communist Party, some strategic adjustments have been made to increase the production of food and consumer products as a “first-class task” and “top priority” and taken some fundamental and contingent measures.