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在许多实际的过程中,都会遇到液体在固体表面扩展,也就是液体浸润固体的问题。液体可以是水,油漆,润滑剂,染料等等;固体可以看成是简单的表面,仔细地又可以分成为悬胶、多空介质和纤维。例如水浸入多孔的土壤或岩石,矿石的浮选等都与液体浸润固体的特性有关。虽然浸润是普遍存在的自然现象,但是,直到现在人们对它的了解和认识还很不够。在实验研究方面,由于固体表面的污染和物理性的缺陷(如台阶、位错等)对固-液的界面效应很灵敏,致使某些基本的实验都难以实现,例如一液滴在平坦固体表面上扩展的实验就是最近才完成的;另外,对固-液界面物理特性的探测比固-汽界面要困难得多。在理论研究方面,由于问题复杂,自1805年杨(T.Young)
In many practical processes, there is a problem that the liquid expands on the solid surface, that is, the liquid infiltrates the solid. Liquids can be water, paint, lubricants, dyes, etc .; solids can be thought of as simple surfaces that can be carefully separated into suspensions, long and short media and fibers. For example, immersion of water into porous soils or rocks, ore flotation, etc. are all related to the characteristics of liquid soils. Although infiltration is a ubiquitous natural phenomenon, it is still not enough people’s understanding and understanding of it until now. In experimental studies, due to the solid surface contamination and physical defects (such as steps, dislocations, etc.) is very sensitive to the solid-liquid interface effect, making some of the basic experiments are difficult to achieve, for example, a drop in a flat solid Expanded experiments have only recently been completed; in addition, the solid-liquid interface is more difficult to detect than the solid-vapor interface. In theoretical research, due to the complexity of the problem, since 1805, Young (T. Young)