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在原子结构的研究中,过去只注重屏蔽效应而忽视了钻穿效应。钻穿效应实质上是s、p、d、f 等电子云径向分布不同引起的能量效应。在研究原子分子结构问题时,一般只强调s、p、d、f 等轨道角度分布不同,因而轨道重叠不同引起的能量效应,忽视了径向分布不同引起的效应。本文在阐明钻穿效应的量子力学基础和明确钻穿效应的物理意义之后,说明周期表中过渡元素“延迟”出现的根源,亦即原子基态电子排布先排ns后排(n—1)d、(n—2)f等“轨道次序颠倒”的根源就是钻穿效应。本文并进一步用钻穿效应来解释一些过去认为难
In the study of atomic structure, the past only focused on the shielding effect and ignored the drilling through effect. Drilling through effect is essentially the energy effect caused by the radial distribution of s, p, d, f and other electron clouds. In the study of atomic molecular structure problems, we generally emphasize the energy effects caused by the different orbital angles of s, p, d, f and so on, ignoring the effects caused by the different radial distributions. After elucidating the quantum mechanics foundation of drilling through effect and the physical meaning of drilling through effect, we explain the origin of the “delay” of the transition element in the periodic table, that is, the atomic rearrangement (n-1) d, (n-2) f and other “orbital order reversed” is the root cause of drill through effect. This article further explains some of the past as difficult to drill through effect