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设计了二个用于测定环境天然本底辐射的圆柱形高气压电离室。电离室的室壁材料为不锈钢,其室壁厚度约3毫米,有效体积7.68升,充20大气压的氩气(在25℃时),工作电压300伏。 对电离室的性能,包括:在不同γ辐射场情况下电离电流的饱和特性、自身本底(主要是室壁α发射)的影响、角响应等,进行了一系列测试和估算。 采用“阴影屏蔽”法,用标准镭源对电离室进行了刻度,灵敏度约为16×10~(-15)安/(微伦/时)。
Two cylindrical high-pressure ionization chambers designed to measure the natural background radiation of the environment were designed. The ionization chamber wall material is stainless steel, the wall thickness of about 3 mm, an effective volume of 7.68 liters, filled with 20 atmospheres of argon (at 25 ℃), the operating voltage of 300 volts. A series of tests and estimations were carried out on the performance of the ionization chamber, including the saturation characteristics of ionization current under different conditions of γ radiation, the influence of its own background (mainly α emission from the wall) and the angular response. Using “shadow mask” method, with a standard radium ionization chamber on the scale, the sensitivity of about 16 × 10 ~ (-15) A / (micro Lun / h).