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从总体上说,中国古人不太热衷于理论知识。在他们看来,行动(个人行动与政治行动)才是首要的。但另一方面,中国古代传统中关于知识的论述异常丰富。本文试图通过思考中国古代谈论知识的方式来重构和理解中国古代的思考方式。在古代中国,所学与所知的典范真的是“儒家德性”吗?抑或同时还存在着事实性与科学性的典范?在中国古代,只有关于如何待物行事、如何熟悉事物的知识吗?还是说也存在着关于特定陈述是否为真的知识?本文着重讨论中国传统思想所区分的知的不同领域,即知物(知道某事)、知行(知道如何做某事)、知言(知道一个句子或陈述是否为真),以及三种重要的反思“知”的方式,即反思知的本性与结构、反思知的社会效用、反思知的客观可靠性。
Generally speaking, Chinese ancients are not very keen on theoretical knowledge. In their view, actions (personal actions and political actions) are paramount. On the other hand, the discussion of knowledge in ancient Chinese traditions is exceptionally rich. This article tries to reconstruct and understand the ancient Chinese way of thinking by thinking about the ways of discussing knowledge in ancient China. In ancient China, what were learned and learned models really “Confucian virtue”? Or at the same time there is still a model of factuality and science? In ancient China, only on how to treat things, how to be familiar with things Or does it mean that there is also knowledge of whether a particular statement is true or not? This article focuses on the different areas of knowledge that are differentiated by traditional Chinese thought: knowledge (knowing something), knowing (knowing how to do something) Knowing (knowing whether a sentence or statement is true) or not, as well as three important ways of reflecting on “knowing” is to reflect on the nature and structure of knowing, to reflect on the social utility of knowing, and to reflect on the objective reliability of knowing.