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阻断4条血管诱发大鼠暂时性脑缺血后,海马结构内神经元呈损伤性改变。光镜下见3种不同类型神经元损伤,以 CA1区锥体细胞的迟发性神经元死亡变化最显著;超微结构见受损锥体细胞主要累及线粒体和内质网;超微结构组织化学显示受损的线粒体及有髓神经纤维的轴索鞘内含有不等量的钙沉积。电镜观察表明,肿胀的线粒体、轴突终末及扩张的内质网即为光镜下所见的微空泡,从而证实神经元微空泡变为不可逆损伤,Ca~(++)超载进一步导致细胞死亡。对细胞内钙增加在发病机制中的重要作用进行了分析和讨论。
Neurons in the hippocampal formation were impaired after blocking transient occlusion of the 4 blood vessels in rats. Under light microscope, three different types of neuronal damage were observed, and the most significant neuronal death was pyramidal cells in CA1 area. The ultrastructural damage of pyramidal cells mainly involved mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Chemically, the axonal sheaths of damaged mitochondria and myelinated nerve fibers contain unequal amounts of calcium deposits. Electron microscopy showed that the swelling of the mitochondria, axon terminals and the expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is seen under light microscopy, thus confirming the neuronal micro-vacuoles become irreversible damage, Ca ~ (++) overload further Lead to cell death. The important role of intracellular calcium increase in the pathogenesis was analyzed and discussed.