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目的了解护士参与灾难救援前、中、后三个时期的心理体验,从心理层面出发,旨在提高灾难救援护士的身心健康,从而更髙效的参与救援工作。方法对2015-06月参加“东方之星”救援的某军队医院的6名护理人员,运用现象学研究的方法,进行半结构性访谈。结果护理人员参与救援前的心理体验主要表现为“紧张”与“自豪”并存;救援中的主要心理体验为恐惧、不可控、使命感;救援行动结束后主要心理体验为角色转换困难及责任感升华。结论参与灾难救援的护士心理体验具有正负双重性,科学应对负面心理体验有助于救援护士直面应对风险;完善健全灾难救援护理技能培训和心理教育,有助于提升救援护士的身心健康与专业救援水平;持续有效心理干预机制,有助于救援护士心理健康的调节,获得心理、信仰及专业技能的多元成长。
Objective To understand the psychological experience of nurses before, during, and after the disaster rescue. From a psychological perspective, nurses aim to improve the physical and mental health of disaster rescue nurses so as to participate more effectively in the rescue work. Methods Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with six paramedics of a military hospital participating in the “Oriental Star” rescue from 2015 to June using the method of phenomenological research. Results The main psychological experience of nursing staff participating in the rescue was “nervous” and “pride” co-existed. The main psychological experience in rescue was fear, uncontrollable and mission-critical. The main psychological experience after the rescue operation was the conversion of roles Difficulties and responsibilities sublimation. Conclusions The psychological experience of nurses involved in disaster relief has a positive and negative duality. Scientifically coping with negative psychological experiences can help rescue nurses face the risks directly. Improving and completing disaster rescue and nursing skills training and psychological education can help to improve the physical and mental health and professional of rescue nurses Rescue level; sustained and effective psychological intervention mechanism helps to alleviate the mental health of nurses, obtain the multiple growth of psychology, belief and professional skills.