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为系统的了解高原潜水对听阈、咽鼓管功能,中耳及内耳形态学的改变,我们用Preyet’s反射正常的杂色豚鼠36只进行模拟高原5000m水深50m的潜水实验,实验分为6组(对照组、出舱后即刻,7、14、21及28天组),每组6只。用听神经动作电位为测听指标,刺激声为短声及短音。中耳阻抗仪测试咽鼓管功能,光镜、扫描及透射电镜观察中耳及内耳形态学改变。实验证实出舱后即刻、7及14天组听阈变化明显,输入输出函数曲线平台消失,潜伏期延长。鼓室压曲线于出舱后均变为B型曲线,42耳光镜检查中耳有病损者24耳,占57.14％,正常者18耳占42.85％,内耳有病损者19耳占45.23％,正常者23耳占54.76％。电镜观察10耳中内耳超微结构均有程度不同的病损,从实验所见,说明豚鼠在低压、高压环境变化下致使中耳及内耳损伤,严重者可发生内耳减压病。
In order to systematically understand the changes of hearing threshold, eustachian tube function, middle ear and inner ear morphological of plateau diving system, we used 36 samples of Preyet’s normal reflex guinea pig to simulate the diving experiment of 5000m water depth 50m in plateau. The experiment was divided into 6 groups Control group, immediately after exiting, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days group), 6 in each group. With auditory nerve action potential for audiometry, stimulus for the short sound and short sound. The middle ear impedance meter was used to test the eustachian tube function. The morphological changes of middle ear and inner ear were observed under light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope. Experiments confirmed immediately after the cabin, 7 and 14 days group significantly change the threshold, the input and output function curve platform disappears, the incubation period is prolonged. The tympanic pressure curve became B curve after leaving the capsule. There were 24 ears (57.14%), 42.85% (18 ears) and 45.23% (19 ears) Normal ears accounted for 54.76% of 23 ears. Electron microscopy 10 ears in the inner ear ultrastructures have varying degrees of lesion, from the experiment shows that guinea pigs under low pressure and high pressure environment changes caused by the middle ear and inner ear damage, severe cases may occur within the decompression sickness.