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目的:探讨同龄青少年近视的发生与角膜曲率、眼轴长度、晶体厚度、前房深度及玻璃体长度的关系。方法:对13岁同龄学生240人,480只眼根据散瞳后屈光度进行分组,对各组角膜曲率、眼轴长度、晶体厚度、前房深度及玻璃体长度进行统计学分析。结果:13岁同龄青少年近视以轻中度为主,占72%。进行单因素方差分析显示,各组之间眼轴长度、玻璃体腔长度、角膜垂直曲率总体差别有显著性(P<0.05)。进行多因素相关分析显示,13岁同龄青少年近视屈光度与眼轴长度、角膜垂直曲率、玻璃体腔长度有相关性(P<0.05),近视屈光度与晶体厚度、前房深度、角膜水平曲率无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:13岁同龄青少年中、高度近视主要是眼轴过长引起的,而轻度近视的产生与眼轴无明显关系。眼角膜垂直径屈光力增高可能是形成青少年轻度近视的主要原因。
Objective: To investigate the incidence of myopia in young adolescents with corneal curvature, axial length, crystal thickness, anterior chamber depth and vitreous length. Methods: 240 students of the same age at the age of 13 and 480 eyes were divided into groups according to the power of mydriasis. The corneal curvature, axial length, crystal thickness, anterior chamber depth and vitreous length of each group were statistically analyzed. Results: The 13-year-old adolescents with mild to moderate myopia, accounting for 72%. One-way analysis of variance showed that the axial length, vitreous cavity length, corneal vertical curvature between the groups were significantly different (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between myopia and ocular axial length, corneal vertical curvature and vitreous cavity length in 13-year-old adolescents (P <0.05). There was no correlation between myopia diopter and crystal thickness, anterior chamber depth and corneal horizontal curvature (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Among 13-year-old adolescents, high myopia is mainly caused by the long axis of the eye, while mild myopia has no significant relationship with the axial length. Vertical corneal refractive power may be the main reason for the formation of mild myopia in young people.