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19世纪下半叶,美国通过“私人投资、政府援助”的方式,铁路建设取得了很大的成功,极大地推动了美国的西部大开发和国民经济增长。但是,这种方式也存在着严重弊端:比如在铁路建设与经营过程中普遍存在的腐败和垄断现象带来的消费者福利损失和低效率等问题。而这些问题在当前我国的基础设施建设中也同样存在,急待解决。
In the second half of the 19th century, the United States achieved great success in railway construction through “private investment and government assistance”, greatly boosting the large-scale development of the western region of the United States and the national economic growth. However, there are also serious drawbacks in this approach: for example, the problems of loss of welfare and inefficiency of consumers caused by widespread corruption and monopoly in railway construction and operation. However, these problems also exist in the current infrastructure construction in our country and are in urgent need of solution.