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供应鼻粘膜的副交感纤维经由第Ⅴ、Ⅶ脑神经分布于鼻甲及中隔,副交感节后血管运动纤维释放胆碱能神经递质—乙酰胆碱,使血管壁平滑肌松弛,血管扩张,副交感也接受来自下丘脑自主神经核的纤维,因而下丘脑控制乙酰胆碱及酯酶的活性;交感纤维释放肾上腺素能神经递质—去甲肾上腺素,使血管平滑肌收缩。鼻粘膜腺体分泌增多是胆碱能神经活性占优势的结果。当血管运动及腺体分泌功能发生改变时,即出现鼻功能紊乱。
Parasympathetic fibers supplying the nasal mucosa are distributed in the nasal turbinates and septum via the Ⅴ and Ⅶ cranial nerves. The parasympathetic post-sympathetic vasomotor fibers release the cholinergic neurotransmitter-acetylcholine, which relaxes the vascular smooth muscle and vasodilates. The fibers of the thalamic autonomic nucleus therefore control the activity of the acetylcholine and esterase in the hypothalamus; the sympathetic fibers release the adrenergic neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which constricts the vascular smooth muscle. Increased secretion of nasal mucosa is the dominant result of cholinergic nerve activity. When the blood vessels and glandular secretion changes, that is, nasal disorders.