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拉削圆孔,一般有二种拉削方式,即同廓与分段拉削方式(图一a及图二a)。同廓拉削方式的优点是:(1)切削厚度小,工件表面光洁度高;(2)刀齿制造较容易。缺点是:(1)由於刀齿四周都参加切削,故只能用小的切削厚度,因而生产率低;(2)因为切削厚度小,单位切削力大,故消耗动力大;(3)因切削厚度小,故不能切削具有硬皮的工件(如锻件、铸件)。分段拉削方式的优点是:(1)切削厚度大,生产率高;(2) 因切削厚度大,故减少了拉刀齿数,缩短了拉刀长度,这也就节省了拉刀材料,减少了热处理时的困难;(3) 因切削厚度大,不受工件硬皮限制。缺点是:(1)工件表面光洁度低;(2)因刀齿前后交叉,制造较复杂。
Broaching the hole, there are two general broaching methods, namely the same profile and sub-broaching methods (Figure a and Figure a a). The advantages of the contour cutting method are: (1) the cutting thickness is small, the workpiece surface finish is high; (2) the cutter is easy to manufacture. The disadvantages are: (1) Since the cutting edges are all involved in the cutting process, the cutting speed can only be reduced with a small cutting thickness, so that the productivity is low. (2) Because the cutting thickness is small and the unit cutting force is large, Small thickness, it can not be cut with crusty workpieces (such as forgings, castings). The advantages of the split broaching method are: (1) high cutting thickness and high productivity; (2) because of the large cutting thickness, it reduces the number of broaches and shortens the length of the broach, thus saving the broach material and reducing The difficulty of heat treatment; (3) due to the cutting thickness, not subject to hard skin restrictions. Drawbacks are: (1) the workpiece surface finish is low; (2) due to the knife before and after the cross, making more complicated.