论文部分内容阅读
铅钙锡合金已广泛应用于铜电积多年。Prengaman在二十世纪八十年代初首先研发出轧制铅钙锡合金阳极,至今仍在使用。阳极的寿命可以通过对铜电解液除杂和过滤得以延长。在电解液中添加约(50~200)×10~(-6)的钴也能增加阳极寿命,其原因在于钴能降低阳极电势、促进氧气析出,而氧气的析出能减少阳极的腐蚀,减少锰的有害作用和增加阳极寿命。但是钴添加剂比较昂贵,并且多数的钴在电解液循环除杂过程中损失了。RSR科技公司为铜电积开发了一种新型阳极,它将钴作为一种合金元素加入传统的轧制铅钙锡阳极中。在铜电积槽中,这种阳极能产生比基础合金更低的析氧过电势。这种阳极中的钴不会进入溶液而损失,而是保留在阳极和掺杂于Pb02腐蚀产物中。当金属被腐蚀时,钴会在阳极连续不断的析出。这种阳极能使铜电积车间的管理大幅减少甚至取消向电解液中补充钴添加剂。本文将描述这种新型阳极,讨论电化学效应并且评估由于减少钴的使用而节省的费用。
Lead-calcium-tin alloy has been widely used in copper electrowinning for many years. Prengaman first developed a rolled lead-calcium-tin alloy anode in the early 1980s and is still using it today. The life of the anode can be extended by cleaning and filtering the copper electrolyte. The addition of cobalt (50-200 × 10 -6) to the electrolyte also increases the life of the anode due to its ability to lower the anode potential and promote the evolution of oxygen, and that the evolution of oxygen reduces the corrosion of the anode and reduces Manganese harmful effects and increase anode life. However, cobalt additives are more expensive and most of the cobalt is lost in the cycle of impurity removal. RSR Technologies has developed a new anode for copper electrodeposits that incorporates cobalt as an alloying element into the conventional rolled lead-calcium-tin anode. In copper cells, this anode produces a lower oxygen overpotential than the base alloy. The cobalt in this anode does not get lost into the solution, but remains in the anode and is doped in the Pb02 corrosion product. When the metal is corroded, cobalt is continuously precipitated at the anode. This anode can make the management of copper electrowinning workshop substantially reduce or even eliminate the cobalt supplement to the electrolyte. This article will describe this new anode, discussing the electrochemical effects and assessing the cost savings associated with reducing the use of cobalt.