1 Introduction Two-photon absorption (TPA) and excitation (TPE) spectroscopes have received considerable attentions because of the potential for using TPE for b
1IntroductionThe high-priced and limited Pt constitutes a high barrier to commercialization of fuel cells. Pt is essential for the electrode catalyst of polymer
1 Results In this contribution we deal with photophysical and photoelectrical study of novel fluorene-thiophene copolymers, and thiophene-based oligomers and po
1 Results The initial report of polymeric light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on poly(p-phenylenevinylene) gave birth to an intense research effort in conjugate