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目的为黄花蒿最佳收获期和品种选育过程中最佳取样期的确定提供依据。方法任选黄花蒿15株,分别于营养生长后期、花芽分化期、盛蕾期和开花期剪取枝条,测定青蒿素含量。每次取样时,割取同一发育时期的黄花蒿10株,测定收获物的产量。另外,分别于花芽分化期和盛蕾期割取黄花蒿5株,测定1级、2级、3级分枝收获物的产量和青蒿素含量。结果从营养生长后期到开花期收获物的青蒿素含量逐步降低。收获物和青蒿素的产量由高到低依次为:盛蕾期>花芽分化期>开花期>营养生长后期。同一单株不同发育期青蒿素含量存在显著正相关(r=0.494 4~0.791 1)。在花芽分化期和盛蕾期,各级分枝的青蒿素产量由高到低依次为:第3级分枝>第2级分枝>第1级分枝。结论第三级分枝充分发育的现蕾期为最佳收获期;在育种中,营养生长后期为最佳取样期。
The purpose is to provide the basis for the determination of the best harvest period of A. annua and the best sampling period in the process of breed breeding. Methods Fifteen Artemisia annua plants were selected, and branches were cut at the late vegetative stage, flower bud differentiation stage, Shenglei stage and flowering stage respectively to determine the artemisinin content. For each sampling, 10 plants of Artemisia annua were harvested at the same developmental stage to determine the yield of the harvest. In addition, 5 plants of Artemisia annua were excised at flower bud differentiation stage and Shenglei bud stage, respectively. The yield and artemisinin content of 1, 2 and 3 branches were measured. As a result, the artemisinin content of the harvested material gradually decreased from the late vegetative stage to the flowering stage. The yields of harvested material and artemisinin from high to low were: Shenglei stage> flower bud differentiation stage> flowering stage> late vegetative stage. There was a significant positive correlation between artemisinin content in different development stages of the same plant (r = 0.494 4-0.791 1). In flower bud differentiation stage and Shenglei stage, the production of artemisinin from branches to branches from highest to lowest was as follows: the third branch> the second branch> the first branch. Conclusion The budding stage with full development of the third branch is the best harvesting period. In breeding, the best sampling period is in late vegetative stage.