Ontologie是关于Sein的理论,但是,由于对Sein的追问,一定要追问到Sein的本质(Wesen)或根据(Grund),因此Ontologie也就成了一种有关Wesen的理论了。国内哲学界在讨论马克思的Ontologie时,未注意到Wesen概念的极端重要性。本文探讨马克思的Wesen概念,阐明马克思对Sein、Existenz同Wesen关系的理解,并展现马克思对此概念的使用以及同黑格尔、亚里士多德和海德格尔哲学的关联。 Ontologie is a theory about Sein. However, due to the questioning of Sein, we must ask about the essence of Sein or (Grund), so Ontologie becomes a theory about Wesen. When discussing Marx’s Ontologie, the philosophers in the country did not notice the extreme importance of Wesen’s concept. This article explores Marx’s concept of Wesen, expounds Marx’s understanding of the relations between Sein and Existenz and Wesen, and shows Marx’s use of the concept and its relation to Hegel, Aristotle and Heidegger’s philosophy.