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目的了解人造革厂二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)职业病危害因素存在状况,为改善工作场所,保护劳动者身心健康提供依据。方法通过现场职业卫生调查,确定二甲基甲酰胺分布环节及工人接触的机会和方式,依据GBZ 159-2004和GBZ/T 160.62-2004进行采样和检测。对接触者按GBZ 188-2007《职业健康监护技术规范》中对DMF的规定进行职业健康检查,对检测和健康检查结果进行分析。结果工作场所空气DMF检测88点,浓度范围为6.8～106.6 mg/m3,均值61.8 mg/m3;有57点浓度超标,超标率为64.8%。接触组类神经征和肝功能异常率高于对照组;差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.55、19.45,均P<0.01);接触组工人班末尿甲基甲酰胺(NMF)浓度范围为3.2～78.20 mg/g.Cr,均值16.60mg/g.Cr,对照组未检出;班末尿NMF与空气中DMF浓度及肝功能异常率之间有正相关性(r=0.937,0.613,P<0.01)。结论该人造革厂DMF危害较严重,建议加强通风排毒和配置个人防护用品等防护措施,降低空气中DMF浓度,减少经皮肤吸收和呼吸道吸入进入机体的量以减少NMF生成量,是预防DMF职业危害的关键。
Objective To understand the existing status of occupational hazards of DMF in leatherette and provide the basis for improving the workplace and protecting the physical and mental health of laborers. Methods According to the field occupational health survey, the distribution of DMF and the opportunities and ways of workers’ exposure were determined and sampled and tested according to GBZ 159-2004 and GBZ / T 160.62-2004. The contacts according to GBZ 188-2007 “Occupational Health Monitoring Technical Code” for the provisions of the DMF occupational health examination, test and health examination results were analyzed. Results In the workplace, 88 points of DMF were detected in the air, with a concentration ranging from 6.8 to 106.6 mg / m3 and an average of 61.8 mg / m3. 57 concentrations were exceeded and the exceeding standard rate was 64.8%. The incidence of neurological signs and abnormal liver function in the exposed group were higher than those in the control group (χ2 = 9.55 and 19.45, both P <0.01). The concentration of urinary methylformamide (NMF) ~ 78.20 mg / g.Cr, with an average value of 16.60 mg / g.Cr, while the control group was not detected. There was a positive correlation between the urinary NMF and the concentration of DMF in the air and abnormal liver function rate (r = 0.937,0.613, P <0.01). Conclusion The man-made leather factory DMF is more harmful. It is recommended to strengthen ventilation and detoxification and personal protective equipment and other protective measures to reduce the concentration of DMF in the air, reduce the amount of transdermal absorption and respiratory tract inhalation into the body to reduce the NMF production is to prevent DMF occupational hazards key.