“利益冲突是一种情境,在这种情境中,与第一位利益相关的职业判断有可能受第二位利益的不当影响。”[1]随着商业和学术的紧密联系,作者、编辑和审稿人与企业建立了更多的经济联系,这也使他们比过去更容易置身于经济利益和学术利益冲突的情景中。作为科学交流的正式系统的学术杂志被置于利益冲突的前沿,不得不制订应对利益冲突的政策。1984年《新英格兰医学杂志》(New England Journal of Medicine,简称NEJM)成为主流的医学杂志中第一个宣布旨 “Conflict of interest is a situation in which occupational judgment related to the first interest is likely to be unduly influenced by the second.” [1] With the close connection between business and academia, the author , Editors and reviewers have built more economic connections with businesses, which also makes them more vulnerable to economic and academic conflicts of interest than in the past. As an official system of scientific exchange, academic journals are placed at the forefront of conflicts of interest and have to formulate policies to deal with conflicts of interest. 1984 New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) became the first major medical magazine to announce