A new method based on the combination of a neural network and a genetic algorithm was proposed to rank the order of exploitation priority of coalbed methane reservoirs. The neural network was used to acquire the weights of reservoir parameters through sample training and genetic algorithm was used to optimize the initial connection weights of nerve cells in case the neural network fell into a local minimum. Additionally, subordinate functions of each parameter were established to normalize the actual values of parameters of coalbed methane reservoirs in the range between zero and unity. Eventually,evaluation values of all coalbed methane reservoirs could be obtained by using the comprehensive evaluation method, which is the basis to rank the coalbed methane reservoirs in the order of exploitation priority. The greater the evaluation value, the higher the exploitation priority. The ranking method was verified in this paper by ten exploited coalbed methane reservoirs in China. The evaluation results are in agreement with the actual exploitation cases. The method can ensure the truthfulness and credibility of the weights of parameters and avoid the subjectivity caused by experts. Furthermore, the probability of falling into local minima is reduced, because genetic the algorithm is used to optimize the neural network system.