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通过文献资料和逻辑推理法,结合田野考察。站在文化人类学视域对“中国式斗牛”这一具有典型性的文化特质(元素)进行分层描述与透析。认为:在器物层面上,“斗牛”折射出典型的“官民二重性”特征和文化“南迁现象”、“汉化现象”;在制度层面上,“斗牛”与现代体育项目“和而不同”的轨迹和路径演绎出与民族“习惯法”不可剥离的文化依附性特征;在行为层面上,山神树神崇拜、武将崇拜、农业神崇拜、宗族娱神功能凸显,并具有生产生活及节日休闲娱乐集聚和辐射效应等多重功能;在观念层面上,人对牛的敬畏映射出“斗牛”的退让和“农耕文化”和“畜牧文化”的交融碰撞流行话语。“斗牛”文化是人类学值得探讨的重要课题。
Through literature and logical reasoning, combined with fieldwork. From the perspective of cultural anthropology, this paper tries to describe and analyze the typical cultural characteristics (elements) of “Chinese Bullfighting” in a layered way. The author thinks that on the level of objects and objects, “Bullfighting” reflects the typical characteristics and culture of “duality of officials and men”, “phenomenon of south migration”, “localization phenomenon”; on the institutional level, And modern sports “and different” trajectory and path deduced with the national “customary law ” can not be stripped of the characteristics of cultural dependency; at the behavioral level, the god of mountain god worship, military worship, agricultural god worship, Clan entertainment god highlights the function, and has the production and living and holiday entertainment and radiation effects and other multiple functions; in the conceptual level, the people’s reverence for the cow reflects the “bullfighting” concessions and “farming culture” and “Animal husbandry culture” blend of popular collision discourse. “Bullfighting ” culture is an important topic worth exploring in anthropology.