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生物除草剂(bioherbicide)是指能够有效地应用、防治特定杂草的活生物产品,在人为控制的条件下,选用能杀灭杂草的天敌,进行人工培养后获得的大剂量生物制剂。生物除草剂有两个显著的特点:一是经过人工大批量生产而获得大量生物接种体;二是淹没式应用,以达到迅速感染,并在较短时间内杀灭杂草。目前,生物除草剂大多是利用真菌,这类生物除草剂称为真菌除草剂(mycoherbicide)。随着植物病原菌的不断分离和研究,尤其是从杂草病株中筛选出来的一些植物病原菌表现出了潜在的除草活性,其研究开发成为可替代化学除草剂的新型生物除草剂。
Bioherbicide refers to a living biological product that can be effectively applied to control specific weeds. Under artificial control conditions, a large dose of biological preparation obtained after artificial cultivation is selected as a natural herbicide capable of killing weeds. Bioherbicides have two salient features: one is a large number of biological inoculum after artificial mass production; two submerged application in order to achieve rapid infection and kill weeds in a short period of time. At present, most of the biological herbicides utilize fungi. Such biological herbicides are called mycoherbicide. With the continuous isolation and research of plant pathogens, especially some plant pathogens screened out from weed disease strains showed potential herbicidal activity, and their research and development have become new biological herbicides that can replace chemical herbicides.