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一、变态反应变态反应性疾病有多种,在内科最多的是支气管哮喘。支气管哮喘的病因、病理很复杂,尚有许多不明之处,但在治疗上盛行研制以Ⅰ型变态反应为主的治疗药物。本文以支气管哮喘为中心进行叙述,可望对其他变态反应性疾病也能有所帮助。以下就Ⅰ型变态反应,从接触抗原到出现症状各阶段的治疗作一介绍。1.去除抗原回避抗原变态反应性疾病如能完全去除或回避抗原,症状即可消失。支气管哮喘的主要抗原是室内的尘螨抗原,而螨抗原过敏患者如能杜绝与螨抗原接触,症状即可逐渐减轻,呼吸道过敏性也降低。因此治疗支气管哮喘最重要的是使患者认识到从生活环境中除去尘螨。2.脱敏疗法(免疫疗法)施行脱敏疗法的前提是确定致敏抗原和选择患者。能否注射足够量的抗原关系到治疗效果。脱敏疗法一般是使用水溶的粗抗原浸剂,
First, the allergic reaction There are many allergic diseases, bronchial asthma in the most medical. The etiology and pathology of bronchial asthma is complicated, there are many unknown, but in the treatment of prevalence of the development of type Ⅰ allergy-based treatment drugs. This article focuses on bronchial asthma described, is expected to help other allergic diseases. The following type Ⅰ allergy, from the antigen to the symptoms of various stages of treatment for an introduction. 1. Removal of antigens to avoid antigens Allergic diseases such as the complete removal or avoidance of antigens, the symptoms can disappear. The main antigen of bronchial asthma is indoor dust mite antigen, and mite antigen allergic patients such as to prevent contact with mite antigen, the symptoms can be gradually reduced, respiratory allergy also decreased. Therefore, the most important treatment of bronchial asthma is to make patients aware of the removal of dust mites from the living environment. 2. desensitization therapy (immunotherapy) The premise of desensitization therapy is to determine the sensitizing antigen and select patients. The injection of a sufficient amount of antigen is related to the therapeutic effect. Desensitization therapy is generally the use of water-soluble crude antigen infusion,