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第四心音(S_4)传统地视为异常体征,按其实际表现称为“收缩期前奔马律”。由于许多无心脏病症状与体征的老年病人听诊发现有S_4,故此作者对196例经系统检查的50～80岁能活动的老年人进行了预计性的、全盲的心音图研究。诊断依据为病史、两个内科医师的体格检查、心电图和X线胸片。在完全不知病人情况的前提下,心音图划记“S_4—有”或“无”;又在完全不知心音图资料的情况下,根据诊断资料记录“心血管病—有”或“无”。
The fourth heart sound (S_4) is traditionally considered an abnormal sign, according to its actual performance known as “systolic gallop.” Since many elderly patients without heart problems and signs of atelectasis were found to have S_4, the authors performed a prospective, blinded phonocardiogram of 196 systematically examined 50 to 80-year-old elderly with activity. The diagnosis was based on medical history, physical examination of two physicians, electrocardiogram and X-ray. Without knowing the condition of the patient, the phonocardiogram is marked with “S_4-yes” or “no”. In the case of completely unknown phonocardiogram, “cardiovascular disease-yes” or “no” is recorded according to the diagnostic data.