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为了解232份主要来自海南的栽培荔枝、半野生荔枝和野生荔枝的遗传多样性及其演化地位,摸清荔枝品种中存在的同名异物和同物异名问题;本研究依据获得的荔枝EST序列和基因组序列开发了一批SSR和InDel标记,利用这些标记对232份荔枝种质资源进行了遗传多样性研究;取6个荔枝品种DNA为模板,筛选出18对SSR引物和12对InDel引物应用于遗传多样性研究,检测到基因位点141个,等位基因变异数范围为2～11个,平均4.70个,多态性位点为139个,多态性位点比率是98.58％.UPGMA聚类分析发现,232份荔枝种质资源的遗传相似系数是0.66～1.00;发现SSR引物的多态性大于InDel引物;在遗传相似系数为0.76处,供试材料分为15类,多数来自海南的荔枝资源能一起聚类,海南11份野生荔枝资源分别聚类在5个类群中,说明海南野生荔枝资源的遗传多样性较丰富.研究将为进一步开展荔枝遗传改良和育种提供依据.“,”The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity and evolutionary status of cultivated,semi-wild and wild litchi germplasm resources mainly from Hainan,and solve the homonym problems between different litchi cultivars.According to the EST sequences and genomic sequences obtained,a number of EST-SSR primer pairs and Indel primer pairs were designed.The genetic diversity on 232 litchi germplasm resources were detected by these primers.6 litchi cultivars DNA were used as the test templates,and 30 primer pairs were selected to analyze the genetic diversity,including 18 pairs of SSR primers and 12 pairs of InDel primers.141 loci were detected in 232 litchi germplasm resources.The amplify loci of different primers were between 2～11.The average polymorphic loci was 4.7.The rate of 139 polymorphic loci was up to 98.58％.UPGAM analysis showed that,the similarity coefficients oflitchi germplasm resources were between 0.66～1.00.It found that the genetic polymorphism of SSR markers were higher than InDel markers.232 cultivars could be divided into fifteen groups when the similarity coefficients were 0.76.Most litchi germplasm resources from Hainan were clustered together.11 wild litchi germplasm resources from Hainan were clustered in five groups,which indicated that the genetic diversity of wild litchi germplasm resources from Hainan were very abundant.Genetic diversity analysis of litchi would provide the basis for litchi genetic improvement and breeding.