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卤化氢分子的结构相似,都是极性分子,而且随着卤素原子的电负性依F—Cl—Br—I顺序的降低,卤化氢分子的极性也按此顺序而逐渐减弱。那么,为什么在氢卤酸中HF为弱酸,其余都是强酸?酸的强度为什么依下列顺序减弱:HI>HBr>HClHF?而这个顺序为什么和按照卤素原子电负性大小判断的顺序恰好相反? 作为衡量酸性强弱的电离常数,在氢卤酸中,仅有HF的值可以直接测得。其余三
Halogenated hydrogen molecules are structurally similar and are polar molecules, and as the electronegativity of the halogen atoms decreases in the order of F-Cl-Br-I, the polarity of the hydrogen halide molecules also decreases in this order. So, why HF in the halogen acid is a weak acid, the rest are strong acid? Why the strength of the acid weakened in the following order: HI> HBr> HClHF? And why this order and in accordance with the size of the halogen atoms determine the order of negative electronegative? As an ionization constant for the measurement of acidity, only the value of HF in hydrohalic acid can be measured directly. The remaining three