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目的了解营养干预对上海民工小学学生营养知识、态度和行为及午餐营养状况的影响,为促进民工子女生长发育,开展健康教育提供依据。方法于2014—2015年采用分层整群抽样方法选取4所民工学校,随机分为干预组和对照组,选取4年级和5年级学生作为研究对象。干预包括食堂干预和学生干预。干预前后进行调查,调查包含一般问卷、体质测试和膳食调查。结果干预组平均体重、体质指数、握力、营养态度正确率和折纸测试得分上升量高于对照组。干预有助于提高膳食指南知晓和学校午餐喜好率。除脂肪外,干预组能量和主要营养素平均摄入量增加值高于对照组。干预组粮谷类、大豆及豆制品和蔬菜的平均摄入量增加值高于对照组,动物性食品的平均摄入量下降值高于对照组,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组能量、主要营养素及各类食物的平均摄入量更接近于标准值。结论营养干预对学生生长发育、营养知识、营养态度、认知能力及膳食摄入都有积极的影响。
Objective To understand the influence of nutrition intervention on nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior of nutrition workers in primary school and the nutritional status of lunch in Shanghai, so as to provide basis for promoting the growth and development of migrant children and health education. METHODS: Four migrant schools were selected by stratified cluster sampling method from 2014 to 2015. They were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. Grade 4 and grade 5 students were selected as research subjects. Interventions include canteen interventions and student interventions. Before and after the intervention, the survey included general questionnaires, physical fitness tests and dietary surveys. Results The average body weight, body mass index, grip strength, correctness of nutritional attitude and rise of origami test scores in intervention group were higher than those in control group. Interventions help to improve dietary guidelines and school lunch preferences. In addition to fat, the intervention group increased the average energy and nutrient intake than the control group. The average value of added value of grains, soybeans, soy products and vegetables in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group, while the decrease of average intake of animal food in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group (P <0.05) . Intervention group, the average energy intake of major nutrients and various types of food is closer to the standard value. Conclusion Nutritional intervention has a positive impact on students’ growth and development, nutritional knowledge, nutritional attitude, cognitive ability and dietary intake.