In order to improve the performance of the metal rollers,Mo+Y2O3 alloy powders were used to coat uniformly on the surface of40Cr steel roller substrates for the laser surface alloying treatment by a CO2 laser,The results showed that many good consequences were obtained after adding the rare earth oxide Y2O3.The crystal grains of the alloy layer were significantly refined.The boundary of crystal grainswas strengthened.The uniformity and density of the microstructure were increased.The hardness and wearing resistance of the alloy layerwere considerably improved.The valence electron structure analysis of the alloy layer was made by the empirical electron theory of solidsand molecules(EET).The calculated results demonstrated that Y should be mixed in the first stage and Fe should be in the eighteenth hybridbands.The analyzed outcomes illustrated that the electron theory of the solid solution shows the strengthening effect on the alloying layer,which has enhanced bond and confirmed the experimental results. In order to improve the performance of the metal rollers, Mo + Y2O3 alloy powders were used to coat uniformly on the surface of 40Cr steel roller substrates for the laser surface alloying treatment by a CO2 laser, The results showed that many good consequences were acquired after adding the rare earth oxide Y2O3. The crystal grains of the alloy layer were significantly refined. The boundary of crystal grains was strengthened. The uniformity and density of the microstructure were increased. hardness and wearing resistance of the alloy layerwere considerably improved. valence electron structure analysis of the alloy layer was made by the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules (EET). The calculated results of that that should be mixed in the first stage and Fe should be in the eighteenth hybridbands. The analyzed results illustrated that the electron theory of the solid solution shows the strengthening effect on the alloying layer, which has enhanced bond and confirmed the expe rimental results.