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目的了解广东省在校高中生及大学生对艾滋病知识的知晓情况,为制定针对在校青少年的艾滋病防治措施提供依据。方法采取多阶段整群抽样的方法在广东省21个县区每县区抽取重点高中、普通高中、职业技术学校各1所,以及8个城市县区的大学各1所,每所学校各年级抽取一个班级所有学生,采用自填式问卷调查的方式对学生基本情况、艾滋病相关知识和性行为等情况进行调查,并用多因素logistic回归方法分析艾滋病知晓率的影响因素。结果本次共调查21个县区的36所中学和8所大学共15 971名学生。其中城市占46.6%,农村占53.4%;男性占47.2%,女性占49.8%;年龄在11~27岁,平均年龄17.7岁。听说过艾滋病者占97.1%,主要知识来源为电视、报刊和杂志。艾滋病总知晓率为47.8%(7 627/15 971),其中对输血和共用注射器传播艾滋病的知晓率分别为86.2%和87.1%,对正确使用安全套和保持单一性伴关系能预防艾滋病的知晓率只有54.2%和33.0%。大学生和中学生对艾滋病的知晓率分别为82.7%和41.0%,城市和农村学生对艾滋病的知晓率分别为62.1%和35.2%。logistic回归分析显示,艾滋病知晓率的主要影响因素为调查地区(OR=1.656)、学校类型(OR=1.999)、性别(OR=1.471)、家庭人均收入(OR=1.079)、母亲文化程度(OR=1.188)、学生自评成绩(OR=1.179)、在学校接受艾滋病预防教育史(OR=2.017)及性行为史(OR=1.407)。结论广东省在校青少年艾滋病知晓率较低,尤其是中学生。应重点加强中学生的艾滋病宣传和健康教育,尤其是农村地区的职业中学和普通高中。
Objective To understand the knowledge of AIDS among high school students and undergraduates in Guangdong Province, and to provide basis for developing AIDS prevention and control measures for adolescents in school. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select one major high school, one ordinary high school, one vocational technical school and one university in eight urban counties in each of 21 counties and districts of Guangdong Province. Each grade of each school All students in a class were sampled. The students’ basic information, AIDS-related knowledge and sexual behaviors were investigated by self-administered questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of AIDS awareness. Results A total of 15 971 students from 36 secondary schools and 8 universities in 21 districts and counties were surveyed. Among them, 46.6% are in urban areas and 53.4% in rural areas, 47.2% are male and 49.8% are women, while the average age is 17.7 years. Heard of AIDS accounted for 97.1%, the main source of knowledge for television, newspapers and magazines. The total awareness rate of AIDS was 47.8% (7 627/15 971). The awareness rate of HIV / AIDS transfusion and sharing syringes was 86.2% and 87.1%, respectively. The awareness rate of using HIV for condom use correctly and maintaining single sexual relationship Only 54.2% and 33.0%. The awareness rate of AIDS among college students and middle school students was 82.7% and 41.0% respectively, and that of urban and rural students was 62.1% and 35.2% respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of AIDS awareness rate were: surveyed area (OR = 1.656), school type (OR = 1.999), sex (OR = 1.471), per capita income (OR = 1.079) = 1.188), self-assessment score (OR = 1.179), history of AIDS prevention education in school (OR = 2.017) and history of sexual behavior (OR = 1.407). Conclusion There is a low awareness rate of AIDS among adolescents in schools in Guangdong Province, especially for middle school students. AIDS education and health education for middle school students should be emphasized, especially in vocational schools and ordinary high schools in rural areas.