目的 :探讨同种异体肾移植受者并发恶性肿瘤的临床情况。　 方法 :回顾分析我院 1 977年 7月～1 999年 1 2月 898例 (90 3例次 )肾移植受者术后并发恶性肿瘤及其治疗。　 结果 :术后发生恶性肿瘤 5例 ,发生率为 0 6 %。其中膀胱肿瘤 2例 ,肝癌 1例 ,Kaposi’s肉瘤 1例 ,非何杰金淋巴瘤 1例。平均年龄 5 6 6± 3 7岁。移植术后至肿瘤诊断时间 8～ 48(平均 2 7± 1 7)个月。诊断肿瘤时 5例患者肾功能正常 ,未有远处转移。经根治性手术切除肿瘤为主的综合治疗 ,包括减少免疫抑制剂用量 ,5例患者全部治愈。经随访 1 1～ 5 0 (平均 2 8± 1 5 )个月 ,肿瘤无复发 ,肾功能正常 ,无排斥反应发生。　 结论 :肾移植患者恶性肿瘤的发生及种类与国外有较大区别。早期诊断 ,早期治疗是提高治愈率的关键。根治性手术切除肿瘤应为首选 ,同时减少免疫抑制剂用量。建立完善的肾移植术后随访制度有利于早期发现肿瘤 Objective: To investigate the clinical situation of allograft recipients with malignant neoplasm. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 898 cases (903 cases) of renal transplant recipients in our hospital from July 1977 to January 1999 was performed with malignant tumor and its treatment. Results: 5 cases of malignant tumor occurred after operation, the incidence was 0.6%. Including 2 cases of bladder cancer, liver cancer in 1 case, Kaposi’s sarcoma in 1 case, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 1 case. The average age was 56 6 ± 3 7 years old. The time from transplantation to tumor diagnosis was 8 to 48 (mean, 27 ± 17) months. Five patients had normal renal function and no distant metastases when diagnosing the tumor. Radical surgery to remove the tumor-based comprehensive treatment, including reducing the amount of immunosuppressive agents, all 5 patients were cured. The follow-up of 11 ~ 50 (mean 28 ± 15) months, no recurrence of tumor, normal renal function, no rejection occurred. Conclusion: The incidence and types of malignant tumors in renal transplant patients are quite different from those in other countries. Early diagnosis, early treatment is the key to improve the cure rate. Radical resection of the tumor should be the first choice, while reducing the amount of immunosuppressive agents. Establish and improve the follow-up of kidney transplantation system is conducive to the early detection of tumors