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报道小麦×Elymusrectisetus属间杂种BC2F236个衍生系，通过染色体原位杂交和RAPD分析，检测Elymusrectisetus染色体及其特异染色体DNA标记。原位杂交结果表明，36个衍生系中大多数系含1对异源Erectisetus染色体，少数系含3条以上Ereclisetus染色体；RAPD结果表明，有13个随机引物（OPBA-08、OPB－14OPEA-09、OPF-05、OPF－09、OPJ-05、OPK-03、OPN-12、OPP-20、OPS－12、OPT-20、OPZ-09、OPZ-11）能够在这36个衍生系中分别扩增出普通小麦所没有的Erectisetus特异的染色体DNA片段。其中Erectisetus特异染色体DNA片段OPF－05480bp、OPF－09650bp和OPZ-11350bp只能够在“1048”系统的全部8个株系中扩增出；OPN-12350bp只能够在“1057”系统的全部6个株系中扩增出；OPB-14900bp和OPM-05420bp只能够在“1034”、“1026”2个系统的全部22个株系和“1057”－5－3株系中扩增出。直接获得了3个类型不同的异附加系，省去常规通过测配和附加系两两杂交F1PMCMI细胞学鉴定来确证异附加系之间的异同。由此说明染色体原位杂交和RAPD分析有机结合是鉴定异附加系（异代换系）快速有效的方法，且方法简单、易行．
A total of 362 BC2F2 derived lines were reported in this study. The Elymusrectisetus chromosome and its specific chromosomal DNA markers were detected by chromosomal in situ hybridization and RAPD analysis. In situ hybridization results showed that most of the 36 derived lines contained one pair of heterologous Erectisetus chromosomes, and a few contained three or more Ereclisetus chromosomes. RAPD analysis showed that there were 13 random primers (OPBA-08, OPB-14OPEA-09 OPF-05, OPF-09, OPJ-05, OPK-03, OPN-12, OPP- 20, OPS- 12, OPT- 20, OPZ- 09, OPZ-11) Erectisetus-specific chromosomal DNA fragments not found in common wheat were amplified. Among them, OPF-05480bp, OPF-09650bp and OPZ-11350bp of Erectisetus specific chromosomal DNA fragments can only be amplified in all 8 lines of “1048” system; OPN-12350bp can only be amplified in all 6 lines of “1057” system The OPB-14900bp and OPM-05420bp can only be amplified in all 22 lines and “1057” -5-3 lines of the “1034” and “1026” two systems. Directly obtained three different types of different addition lines, eliminating the need for routine mating and additional lines by two-hybrid F1PMCMI cytological identification to confirm the similarities and differences between the different addition lines. This shows that the combination of chromosomal in situ hybridization and RAPD analysis is a rapid and effective method to identify the different addition lines (heterologous substitution lines), and the method is simple and easy.