目的运用结核病分子生物学手段,对DOTS策略实施效果进行监测和评价。方法对肺结核病人培养阳性痰标本采用MIRU-VNTR分型法技术进行分子流行病学分析和其结核病人流行病学相关性的回顾性调查。结果分子流行病学分析结果2004年成簇率为70%,其中山东基因型簇为22%,山东基因型簇比例较2002年下降了50%(P<0.005);流行病学相关率为32.5%。结论结核病分子生物学研究结果可作为DOTS实施效果监测和评价的客观指标之一。 Objective To monitor and evaluate the effect of DOTS strategy by using molecular biology tools of tuberculosis. Methods The positive sputum samples of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were analyzed retrospectively by MIRU-VNTR typing technique and their epidemiological correlations with tuberculosis patients. Results The results of molecular epidemiology showed that the clustering rate was 70% in 2004, of which 22% in Shandong and 40% in Shandong (P <0.005). The epidemiological correlation rate was 32.5 %. Conclusion The results of molecular biology of tuberculosis can be used as one of the objective indicators for DOTS monitoring and evaluation.